BTC Connect: The First EVM-Compatible AA Protocol for Bitcoin

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The Bitcoin ecosystem has long been celebrated for its security and decentralization, but it has historically lagged behind in user experience and programmability—especially when compared to EVM-based blockchains. That’s where BTC Connect comes in. Developed by Particle Network, BTC Connect is the first EVM-compatible ERC-4337 account abstraction (AA) protocol built specifically for the Bitcoin ecosystem. It’s not just an innovation—it’s a bridge that unifies fragmented tools, wallets, and user experiences across Bitcoin and its growing Layer-2 landscape.

The Need for Chain Abstraction on Bitcoin

Bitcoin’s recent evolution has seen a surge in Layer-2 solutions, some even offering EVM compatibility to expand smart contract capabilities. While these advancements unlock new possibilities, they also introduce friction. Users often face disjointed experiences: managing multiple wallets, dealing with complex key setups, and navigating inconsistent UIs.

For instance, someone using UniSat Wallet to interact with Bitcoin L2s might be forced to download MetaMask—a wallet designed for Ethereum—to access dApps. This kind of fragmentation creates barriers to mass adoption. Liquidity and users are scattered across ecosystems, making seamless interaction nearly impossible.

This is the problem BTC Connect solves. By bringing ERC-4337 account abstraction to Bitcoin L2s, it introduces chain abstraction: the ability to interact with multiple chains and protocols through a single, unified interface—without switching wallets or managing extra keys.

👉 Discover how a unified crypto experience can simplify your Web3 journey today.

How BTC Connect Works: Bridging Native Bitcoin and EVM Worlds

At its core, BTC Connect unifies native Bitcoin wallets with EVM-based smart accounts. It allows users to control smart contract-powered accounts on EVM-compatible Bitcoin L2s—like BOB, Rootstock, or Merlin—using only their regular Bitcoin wallet.

Here’s how it works:

  1. Smart Account Assignment: When a user connects their Bitcoin wallet (e.g., UniSat, BitGet, or OKX), BTC Connect generates an associated EVM smart account.
  2. Single Point of Control: This smart account is linked back to the original Bitcoin wallet, which acts as the sole signer. All future interactions—whether sending BTC, minting Ordinals, or using dApps—are managed through the familiar Bitcoin wallet interface.
  3. No Extra Downloads or Keys: There’s no need for MetaMask, seed phrases for new wallets, or browser extensions. Everything runs seamlessly within the existing wallet environment.

The architecture leverages key components of ERC-4337:

This design means users can:

Seamless User Experience Across Ecosystems

One of BTC Connect’s most powerful features is its ability to deliver a popup-less, frictionless UX. Traditional Web3 interactions are plagued by constant signature requests and gas fee hurdles. With BTC Connect, many of these barriers disappear.

Because the smart account can be funded independently—either by the user or subsidized by dApps via Paymasters—users don’t need to hold ETH or other native gas tokens to transact. Instead, they can use stablecoins like USDT held within their smart account to pay for gas. This opens up DeFi, NFTs, and social dApps to a broader audience who may not want to manage multiple asset types.

Moreover, since everything operates through the original Bitcoin wallet, there's no learning curve. Whether you're sending BTC, exploring the Ordinal ecosystem, or trading on an EVM-based DEX, it all feels native.

👉 See how next-gen wallet integration is transforming user access to DeFi and dApps.

Core Benefits of BTC Connect

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Do I need to move my Bitcoin to use BTC Connect?
A: No. Your BTC remains safely in your native wallet. BTC Connect only creates a linked smart account for EVM interactions—it doesn’t require asset transfers or custody changes.

Q: Which wallets support BTC Connect?
A: Currently supported wallets include UniSat, BitGet Wallet, and OKX Wallet. More integrations are underway as adoption grows.

Q: Can I use BTC Connect on non-EVM Bitcoin L2s?
A: BTC Connect is designed specifically for EVM-compatible Bitcoin Layer-2 networks. Non-EVM chains are outside its current scope.

Q: How do gasless transactions work?
A: dApps can use Paymasters to cover transaction fees on behalf of users. This allows actions like minting or swapping without the user paying gas—ideal for onboarding new users.

Q: Is my private key ever exposed to the smart account?
A: No. The Bitcoin wallet signs transactions off-chain, and only signatures are relayed. Your private key never leaves your wallet.

Q: Can I recover my smart account if I lose my wallet?
A: Recovery depends on your wallet’s built-in features (e.g., seed phrase). Since the smart account is tied to your wallet, standard recovery methods apply.

👉 Learn how secure, keyless interactions are shaping the future of Web3 access.

The Future of Bitcoin UX

BTC Connect isn’t just a technical upgrade—it’s a paradigm shift. For the first time, Bitcoin users can enjoy the same level of convenience and flexibility seen in Ethereum’s ecosystem, without sacrificing security or decentralization.

As more developers build on Bitcoin L2s and more users demand better experiences, solutions like BTC Connect will become essential infrastructure. It paves the way for true interoperability: one identity, one wallet, endless possibilities across chains.

By integrating account abstraction, chain abstraction, and native wallet compatibility, Particle Network is redefining what it means to be a Bitcoin user in 2025 and beyond.

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